ࡱ;  ! $%&'()Ole10FmtProgID  Object10!F* /_* /_Ole 'CompObj%RObject19" Fs._s._Ole  CompObj :Ole10Native CompObj F-:Ole10Native)Ole10FmtProgID ( Object13ive F* /_* /_OlePres000 Ole10Native Ole10FmtProgID  Equation Native Ole  4CompObj&*+,3:Ole10Native0Ole10FmtProgID / # V IN =V SIN --V SIN []()1sC A 1sC A +1sC B []-V SIN ()1+10kW1kW()V IN =V SIN sC B -sC A sC B +sC A ()11()V IN =V SIN  1a-y - 1a+y  1a-y + 1a+y ()11()ࡱ Equationࡱ;  V IN =V SIN --V SIN []()1sC A 1sC A +1sC B []-V SIN ()1+10kW1kW()V IN =V SIN sC B -sC A sC B +sC A ()11()V IN =V SIN  1a-y - 1a+y  1a-y + 1a+y ()11()ࡱ;FMicrosoft Equation Editor 2.0TCIPkJ(#dxpr_  " currentpoint ",  Helvetica .+5V + IN, Symbol (5 =)%V + SIN (5m-)-) V + SIN (7z[)5](7?()u)(1()sC +A"" (@1(YsC +A"F" (K+(@1(YsC +B"F!"0Z (8 *J ("8 * * * ( *J (" * * * (5$-)V + SIN (/ *L (!/ * * *  (V *L (!V * * *  (5f1) +(*10)k) W(C1)k) W"0)(*_ * (4_ (* * (4 (oV + IN (=)V + SIN ({sC +B ({-)sC +A (sC +B (+)sC +A"W (x * ( (x! * (! 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Object11  F* /_* /_Ole .Object15 F* /_* /_ Olet20 F;CompObj::Ole10Native 6 "#+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~DNQE Equation.2ࡱ; ࡱ;  Equationࡱ;  V OUT =1414()1.710 5 Vm[]ym[]=2.310 8 ()Vm[]ym[]ࡱ F1ELO EquationࡱOle10FmtProgID 5 PP400Native *h SummaryInformation($<Current UserveI ࡱ;  Equationࡱ;  V IN =V SIN ya11()=1.710 5 Vm[]ym[]ࡱFMicrosoft Equation 2.01ELO Equation.2ࡱ; ࡱ;  #$&*+,12789=>?@ABCDEFGH      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ Equationࡱ;  V OUT =10V510 -3 ()V1 2  V IN ab pk =1414V IN ab pkࡱ F1ELO Equationࡱࡱ;  Equationࡱ; RQHFɂ Object20Fs._s._Ole CompObjY f SIN =100kHzV SIN =3.8V pk f c =12pRC600Hzࡱ F1ELO Equationࡱࡱ;  Equationࡱ;  Resolution g Hz  [] = Noise V Hz  []Sensitivity Vg []ࡱ;  F1ELO Equationࡱࡱ; UOh+'Oh+'0x6 J X d p|1Improved Low Frequency Performance of a Geophone Tom Kenny      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ I hfH f@ ~4 D & 6" \ ~ N  d d&p"@Ѐ4DD&("Np`T&"6`N4&" ,@D  &$"$D$f$~N%%l%l&'\"'''N(\((&*"*++h+ހ,FJ,F&."..؀.h/0@0&2X"2~22N33v3&6\"666h788&;";&;H`;`4;;;&>x">>>؀???&A"AA`ABXBrBr&C"C8CZCrCD D &F"F܀FGGGG&HP"HvHH4IPIrI&J"KK>`KV4KKPK&N:"N`NN4OZO8O&Pƀ"PQQ&4QQڀQڀ&St"SSSԀNTTT&W"W΀WXNXȀYY&["[D[f[~N\\lx\l&]"^ ^,^D4^__&`"`a`a 4aada&d"d>d`dxe8eRjeR&m"mn`n4n|nn&qV"q|q`q4rrJDrJ&t"ttրvv̀vhwdẁ(ẁ&z@{{Z{ZN{Z&|"|΀|}}}}&}"}<}^}v}v}v}v&}"}@i}̀<V@$窀<΀ @$"<""@#<=Ԁ>@!>(<__@qn`<vѲ@xʀ<I΀J @J"<+8+t@h+<X@]p<̀ @><髀@t<s@ǀ<!!@e!<@  <ـ@u<X@<Ѐ @ $<@+<僀@3׀< F@؀<^@ <̀@ < ` @@ < _H _ _ `\ `l ` ` ` `Ԁ `B ah aJH av av bp b c" g g8 g> gJ gQ g] gd$ gpx g h h    V( ?<  VP > ; ;?sd ddS32A-19i 0ddM gHd0d2Improved Low Frequency Performance of a Geophone 22H22d0dG fbg k|jVt T0D kLjA e jk0 _0 k ; ffffff;ff33 ;?rk& e dd41Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University 4$23$4!dddd `ddG2Center for Space Microelectronics Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratoryp G$2F$G.dddd|j fdd%Contact: barzilai@leland.stanford.edur %%$%%ddLI c0d0dDAaron Barzilai1, Tom VanZandt2, Tom Pike2, Steve Manion2, Tom Kenny1 D 002002 002002 00D d0dd0d d0d  Gl  ``  U , A9 _ U ?h r@; 9[VV/z &ddThis work was supported by the Center for Space Microelectronics Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and is sponsored by the NASA Office of Space Access and Technology. We also acknowledge the NSF Career Award(ECS-9502046), the Charles Lee Powell Foundation, and the Terman Fellowship. Special thanks to Marcos Alvarez at PASSCAL for his advice and assistance. FddddJddM~ e0ddAcknowledgements 0dd, G<  `` j>j> tjV  t @jR kڤ P k @@kެ@@ @jV@@ @k`@@ @k(@@jR tPkޘ r@;  @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @@ @ @W$dd2Titlea $dd2ZW $dd2 Introduction  $   dd2=* $dd2Conventional Geophone $dd2m* $dd2Capacitive Geophonen $dd2*W$dd2 Conclusions  $  dd2M~ e0dd Poster Map  0  dd Q G 0 ``  @ BT s@  U @0   r@; ;M~ e0dd ObjectiveG  0  ddL" (@ddDevelop an Affordable, Robust Broadband Seismometer with Resolution Comparable to the Earths Seismic Noise Enhance the Ability of Seismometer Arrays to Detect Low Frequency Signals (l@ddddI@dd  G!1 ``  1 : ~}  ?  @ ; @< /B ?$ U @'~  A4 P/  A 2@00@0#0@00 @ @0   ;@ 99rr9r 9 9 9 9ddddAcceleration Input   dddd.[ddMechanical System   dddd@ ddRelative Motion   ddddh[=ddElectrical System   dddd ddOutput Voltage  ddddM~ e0ddSeismometer Information Flow 0dd'$ H%&Gd#( z-( j-d~x 0  @0  @PP ; ; 9 Mdd Cross-section    dd )dd Schematic    ddi g0dd3A Conventional Geophone: OYO Geospace 4.5 Hz GS-11D 3363dddd.+H,-G4*/ ``/ ( 0$   @0  @P0 k.;ˀ 9 93<9 g$@ddDAcceleration Causes Relative Motion Between the Coil and the Housing DD$DD@dd9 g$dd1Constant Sensitivity Below the Resonant Frequency 11$11@ddM~ e0ddMechanical Sensitivity 0dd52eps34G,16$ ``/  ~x & 6  8 @0  & p} @P( k.;ˀ 9 9 93<9 g$DddEInductively Measure Motion of the Coil Relative to the Magnetic Fielde E $$9$EEDdd9 7$@dd6Output Voltage Proportional to the Proof Mass Velocity 6.$$66@ddM~ e0ddElectrical Sensitivity 0dd<9eps:;G8=! ``/ 4 $ & 6 ( 8 @0  & s @P0 k.;ˀ 9 9 93<9 g$DddMAt Low Frequency, Measurement of Proof Mass Velocity Reduces Sensitivity M.$$$MMDdd9 g$@dd8At High Frequency, Mechanical System Reduces Sensitivity 88$88@ddM~ e0ddTotal Sensitivity 0ddC@epsABG?D" `` 4~ o @~x @l g2L @0  Iws$ @H 8 r@; 9 9"p $dd%Output Voltage Noise Spectral Density( %%$%ddddw$ddTypical Circuitc $dd0fs=dd 100x Ampifierf    ddM~ e0ddCircuitry Noise 0ddJGڪHIG|FK ``/ I `G  @HhG & 6 I 8 @0  @HX  I H @P  k.;ˀ 9 9 9^3^ $DddmPoorer Resolution at Low Frequency caused by Reduced Sensitivity Resolution worse than Fundamental Limitt m"$$H$mFDdd2'Ddd2.Q _ddReference: Barzilai et al., Technique for Measurement of the Noise of a Sensor in the Presence of Large Background Signals, Rev. Sci. Instrum., Accepted for Publication ddM~ e0dd Conventional Geophone Resolution  0  ddQNepsOPGLMR# ` j>j? p j>kh @0 H< ; L JOB ;JL EMb e6dd/An Improved Seismometer: A Capacitive Geophone //6//ddL (@ddUse a Commercial, Off The Shelf Geophone as the Mechanical System Improve Low Frequency Sensitivity by Capacitively Measuring Proof Mass Displacement with only Simple, External Modifications j( (( (()(D@dddd}@ddXUeVWGTY `` I I @h  @0  0 H8 pP^pH@ @Xp r@; bbjq dd'Guralp CMG-40T and Capacitive Geophone ''$'ddddA6ddCapacitive Geophone $ddM~ e0ddPhotos 0dd_\ ]^G[`2 `` I I  @0  @  >> setpa;viceM~ e0ddCapacitive Hardware 0ddfc4deGbg' `` jY jD @0  ` pk @ ( fh(;h 6$ddVBR is a Sine Wave at the Same Frequency as VSIN with Amplitude Modulated by y. The Lock-In Amplifier Demodulates the Signal to Produce an Output that is Proportional to the Displacement of the Proof Mass.s    *    `   fdd4dd3ddM~ e0ddElectrical System Overview 0ddmjp`klGDin `` I XI L @  @0  @p fh(;hM~ e0ddPreamplifier Circuit 0ddtqp`rsGpu3 `` I LI @S @@ @Z I IL @0  fh(;h 99 $ddGExact Solution: Voltage Amplitude is a Linear Function of Displacement7 GG(GGddM~ e0dd Preamplifier Circuit Sensitivity  0  dd{xp`yzGw| `` jpk @0  T  jk fh(;h L JOB ;JL EM~ e0dd Demodulator<  0  ddL u(@ddDemodulator Output is Directly Proportional to the Amplitude of the Input at the Reference Frequency. In the Frequency Domain, Low Frequency Amplitude Variations Appear as Signals Near the Reference Frequency. The Demodulator Shifts These Signals Back to Low Frequency. f((f@dd@ddp`G~ ` .\ `` $,X @+ @0  @hp @@ fh(;h fh(;hM e0ddElectrical Sensitivity 0ddM~ e0ddDemodulator Sensitivity4 0ddp`G<) ``/ GpG  ILIL @0  P @P0 k.;ˀ 9 3 9~ g$Ddd]Constant Sensitivity At Low Frequency since Output is Proportional to Proof Mass Displacement ]&$+$ $]]DddM~ e0ddTotal Sensitivity 0ddepsG * ``/ GG px I IL & 6 H\ 8 @0  o] @Gt @HP k.;ˀ 9 9,3,9\ g$Ddd|Noise is Constant Amplitude vs. Frequency Lock-In Amplification Produces .18 mV/Hz Output Voltage NSD at Low Frequencies |R$$)$|+DddddPDdd@ ddNNoise Near the Reference Frequency is Mapped to Low Frequencies by Demodulator NN$NNddM~ e0ddPreamplifier Circuitry Noise 0ddepsG+ ``/ oGIL & 6 Gz` 8 @0  @HX  GI @HP k.;ˀ 9 9l3l9 g$DddAt Low Frequencies, Resolution is Limited by Thermomechanical Noise, not Circuitry Better Resolution at Low Frequencies as a Result of Constant Sensitivity S$+$&$SDddQDddM~ 40ddCapacitive Geophone Resolution 0ddepsG, ``/ ILI \ 0 I>I & 6 Gp 8 @0  @P0 k.;ˀ 9 93L9 g$DddGDemodulator Output Range 10V Corresponds to .040 m Displacementr GG$GDdd)DddM~ e0dd Clip Level  0  ddepsG|4 ``/ oI \I & 6 IM 8 @0  Vx JIL @x k.;ˀ 93p[ dd4USGS LNM: Seismic Noise At Quietest Sites On Earth 44 4 dddd ddddM~ 40ddResolution Comparison 0ddepsG<- 0`@ jVkp @0  P kj> fh(;h L JOB ;JL EMN" e0ddResolution Comparison) 0ddL (@dd Low Frequency Resolution of a Geophone is Improved by using Capacitive Detection Circuitry Noise does not Limit Capacitive Geophone at Low Frequency Limits on Resolution of a Capacitive Geophone are Better than the Resolution of a Guralp CMG-40T Broadband Seismometer   ( Q@ddD@ddv@ddp`G . `` jRk @0  JD k 0nk| DzjVt zD k( fh(;h'dd6Conventional Geophone 100 ng/Hz 90 mg 120 dB $50 6    6 dd dddd ddddddddddddddddjQdd9 Resolution Clip Level Dynamic Range Estimated Cost 99 9 dddddd dddd dddddddddd ddddD'@dd2Capacitive Geophone .1 ng/Hz 5 g 90 dB $500 2    2 dd dddd dddddddddddddddd' dd1Guralp CMG-40T .5 ng/Hz 1 mg 130 dB $10,000 1   1 dddddd ddddddddddddddddM~ e0ddPerformance Comparison 0ddp`G/ `` kkp @0   kژkڀ fh(;h L JOB ;JL EM~ e0dd Conclusions  0  ddL (DddThe Low Frequency Resolution of a Geophone can be Improved by Adding Capacitive Detection Capacitive Detection Does Not Improve High Frequency Resolution Thermomechanical Noise Sets a Resolution Limit 0.1 ng/Hz on all Geophone Based Seismometers E((w((((%(Z@dd@Ddd^Dddp`G5 `` jXkT @0  P jxk< fh(;h L JOB ;JL EM~ e0dd Future Work  0  ddLn (@ddExperimentally Validate the Predicted Resolution of a Capacitve Geophone Reduce Size by Integrating Electronics onto a Single Printed Circuit Board Operate as a Closed Loop Sensor to Increase the Dynamic Range and Tune the Frequency Response (I@ddK@dda@ddp`GG7  ")07>ELSZahov},8G ``  l 3  $ ` %   d %  r@; ; ; ;C  g dd##  ddC ddAGU Spring 98  ddM~ e0dd Click to edit Master title style  0  ddLQ0 @ddRClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level R!  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proc2 length add array def newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx }ifelse }bdf /i{dup 0 eq {pop df dup} {dup} ifelse 1 add /clipflatness xdf setflat }bdf version cvr 38.0 le {/setrgbcolor{ currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll currenttransfer exec 3 1 roll setrgbcolor}bdf}if /vms {/vmsv save def} bdf /vmr {vmsv restore} bdf /vmrs{vmsv restore /vmsv save def}bdf /eomode{ {/filler /eofill load def /clipper /eoclip load def} {/filler /fill load def /clipper /clip load def} ifelse }bdf /normtaper{}bdf /logtaper{9 mul 1 add log}bdf /CD{ /NF exch def { exch dup /FID ne 1 index/UniqueID ne and {exch NF 3 1 roll put} {pop pop} ifelse }forall NF }bdf /MN{ 1 index length /Len exch def dup length Len add string dup Len 4 -1 roll putinterval dup 0 4 -1 roll putinterval }bdf /RC{4 -1 roll /ourvec xdf 256 string cvs(|______)anchorsearch {1 index MN cvn/NewN exch def cvn findfont dup maxlength dict CD dup/FontName NewN put dup /Encoding ourvec put NewN exch definefont pop}{pop}ifelse}bdf /RF{ dup FontDirectory exch known {pop 3 -1 roll pop} {RC} ifelse }bdf /FF{dup 256 string cvs(|______)exch MN cvn dup FontDirectory exch known {exch pop findfont 3 -1 roll pop} {pop dup findfont dup maxlength dict CD dup dup /Encoding exch /Encoding get 256 array copy 7 -1 roll {3 -1 roll dup 4 -2 roll put}forall put definefont} ifelse}bdf /fps{ currentflat exch dup 0 le{pop 1}if { dup setflat 3 index stopped {1.3 mul dup 3 index gt{pop setflat pop pop stop}if} {exit} ifelse }loop pop setflat pop pop }bdf /fp{100 currentflat fps}bdf /clipper{clip}bdf /W{/clipper load 100 clipflatness dup setflat fps}bdf userdict begin /BDFontDict 29 dict def end BDFontDict begin /bu{}def /bn{}def /setTxMode{av 70 ge{pop}if pop}def /gm{m}def /show{pop}def /gr{pop}def /fnt{pop pop pop}def /fs{pop}def /fz{pop}def /lin{pop pop}def /:M {pop pop} def /sf {pop} def /S {pop} def /@b {pop pop pop pop pop pop pop pop} def /_bdsave /save load def /_bdrestore /restore load def /save { dup /fontsave eq {null} {_bdsave} ifelse } def /restore { dup null eq { pop } { _bdrestore } ifelse } def /fontsave null def end /MacVec 256 array def MacVec 0 /Helvetica findfont /Encoding get 0 128 getinterval putinterval MacVec 127 /DEL put MacVec 16#27 /quotesingle put MacVec 16#60 /grave put /NUL/SOH/STX/ETX/EOT/E NQ/ACK/BEL/BS/HT/LF/VT/FF/CR/SO/SI /DLE/DC1/DC2/DC3/DC4/NAK/SYN/ETB/CAN/EM/SUB/ESC/FS/GS/RS/US MacVec 0 32 getinterval astore pop /Adieresis/Aring/Ccedilla/Eacute/Ntilde/Odieresis/Udieresis/aacute /agrave/acircumflex/adieresis/atilde/aring/ccedilla/eacute/egrave /ecircumflex/edieresis/iacute/igrave/icircumflex/idieresis/ntilde/oacute /ograve/ocircumflex/odieresis/otilde/uacute/ugrave/ucircumflex/udieresis /dagger/degree/cent/sterling/section/bullet/paragraph/germandbls /registered/copyright/trademark/acute/dieresis/notequal/AE/Oslash /infinity/plusminus/lessequal/greaterequal/yen/mu/partialdiff/summation /product/pi/integral/ordfeminine/ordmasculine/Omega/ae/oslash /questiondown/exclamdown/logicalnot/radical/florin/approxequal/Delta/guillemotleft /guillemotright/ellipsis/nbspace/Agrave/Atilde/Otilde/OE/oe /endash/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright/quoteleft/quoteright/divide/lozenge /ydieresis/Ydieresis/fraction/currency/guilsinglleft/guilsinglright/fi/fl /daggerdbl/periodcentered/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase /perthousand/Acircumflex/Ecircumflex/Aacute /Edieresis/Egrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Igrave/Oacute/Ocircumflex /apple/Ograve/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Ugrave/dotlessi/circumflex/tilde /macron/breve/dotaccent/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron MacVec 128 128 getinterval astore pop end %. AltsysDict %%EndResource %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup AltsysDict begin _bfh %%IncludeResource: font Symbol _efh 0 dict dup begin end /f0 /Symbol FF def _bfh %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman _efh MacVec 256 array copy /f1 /|______Times-Roman dup RF findfont def _bfh %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic _efh MacVec 256 array copy /f2 /|______Times-Italic dup RF findfont def end %. AltsysDict %%EndSetup AltsysDict begin /onlyk4{false}ndf /ccmyk{dup 5 -1 roll sub 0 max exch}ndf /cmyk2gray{ 4 -1 roll 0.3 mul 4 -1 roll 0.59 mul 4 -1 roll 0.11 mul add add add 1 min neg 1 add }bdf /setcmykcolor{1 exch sub ccmyk ccmyk ccmyk pop setrgbcolor}ndf /maxcolor { max max max } ndf /maxspot { pop } ndf /setcmykcoloroverprint{4{dup -1 eq{pop 0}if 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor}ndf /findcmykcustomcolor{5 packedarray}ndf /setcustomcolor{exch aload pop pop 4{4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor pop}ndf /setseparationgray{setgray}ndf /setoverprint{pop}ndf /currentoverprint false ndf /cmykbufs2gray{ 0 1 2 index length 1 sub { 4 index 1 index get 0.3 mul 4 index 2 index get 0.59 mul 4 index 3 index get 0.11 mul 4 index 4 index get add add add cvi 255 min 255 exch sub 2 index 3 1 roll put }for 4 1 roll pop pop pop }bdf /colorimage{ pop pop [ 5 -1 roll/exec cvx 6 -1 roll/exec cvx 7 -1 roll/exec cvx 8 -1 roll/exec cvx /cmykbufs2gray cvx ]cvx image } %. version 47.1 on Linotronic of Postscript defines colorimage incorrectly (rgb model only) version cvr 47.1 le statusdict /product get (Lino) anchorsearch{pop pop true}{pop false}ifelse and{userdict begin bdf end}{ndf}ifelse fhnumcolors 1 ne {/yt save def} if /customcolorimage{ aload pop (_vc_Registration) eq { pop pop pop pop separationimage } { /ik xdf /iy xdf /im xdf /ic xdf ic im iy ik cmyk2gray /xt xdf currenttransfer {dup 1.0 exch sub xt mul add}concatprocs st image } ifelse }ndf fhnumcolors 1 ne {yt restore} if fhnumcolors 3 ne {/yt save def} if /customcolorimage{ aload pop (_vc_Registration) eq { pop pop pop pop separationimage } { /ik xdf /iy xdf /im xdf /ic xdf 1.0 dup ic ik add min sub 1.0 dup im ik add min sub 1.0 dup iy ik add min sub /ic xdf /iy xdf /im xdf currentcolortransfer 4 1 roll {dup 1.0 exch sub ic mul add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {dup 1.0 exch sub iy mul add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {dup 1.0 exch sub im mul add}concatprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer {/dummy xdf dummy}concatprocs{dummy}{dummy}true 3 colorimage } ifelse }ndf fhnumcolors 3 ne {yt restore} if fhnumcolors 4 ne {/yt save def} if /customcolorimage{ aload pop (_vc_Registration) eq { pop pop pop pop separationimage } { /ik xdf /iy xdf /im xdf /ic xdf currentcolortransfer {1.0 exch sub ik mul ik sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {1.0 exch sub iy mul iy sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {1.0 exch sub im mul im sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {1.0 exch sub ic mul ic sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer {/dummy xdf dummy}concatprocs{dummy}{dummy}{dummy} true 4 colorimage } ifelse }ndf fhnumcolors 4 ne {yt restore} if /separationimage{image}ndf /newcmykcustomcolor{6 packedarray}ndf /inkoverprint false ndf /setinkoverprint{pop}ndf /setspotcolor { spots exch get dup 4 get (_vc_Registration) eq {pop 1 exch sub setseparationgray} {0 5 getinterval exch setcustomcolor} ifelse }ndf /currentcolortransfer{currenttransfer dup dup dup}ndf /setcolortransfer{st pop pop pop}ndf /fas{}ndf /sas{}ndf /fhsetspreadsize{pop}ndf /filler{fill}bdf /F{gsave {filler}fp grestore}bdf /f{closepath F}bdf /S{gsave {stroke}fp grestore}bdf /s{closepath S}bdf /bc4 [0 0 0 0] def /_lfp4 { /yt xdf /xt xdf /ang xdf storerect /taperfcn xdf /k2 xdf /y2 xdf /m2 xdf /c2 xdf /k1 xdf /y1 xdf /m1 xdf /c1 xdf c1 c2 sub abs m1 m2 sub abs y1 y2 sub abs k1 k2 sub abs maxcolor calcgraysteps mul abs round height abs adjnumsteps dup 2 lt {pop 2} if 1 sub /numsteps1 xdf currentflat mark currentflat clipflatness /delta top bottom sub numsteps1 1 add div def /right right left sub def /botsv top delta sub def { { W xt yt translate ang rotate xt neg yt neg translate dup setflat /bottom botsv def 0 1 numsteps1 { numsteps1 div taperfcn /frac xdf bc4 0 c2 c1 sub frac mul c1 add put bc4 1 m2 m1 sub frac mul m1 add put bc4 2 y2 y1 sub frac mul y1 add put bc4 3 k2 k1 sub frac mul k1 add put bc4 vc 1 index setflat { mark {newpath left bottom right delta rectfill}stopped {cleartomark exch 1.3 mul dup setflat exch 2 copy gt{stop}if} {cleartomark exit}ifelse }loop /bottom bottom delta sub def }for } gsave stopped grestore {exch pop 2 index exch 1.3 mul dup 100 gt{cleartomark setflat stop}if} {exit}ifelse }loop cleartomark setflat }bdf /bcs [0 0] def /_lfs4 { /yt xdf /xt xdf /ang xdf storerect /taperfcn xdf /tint2 xdf /tint1 xdf bcs exch 1 exch put tint1 tint2 sub abs bcs 1 get maxspot calcgraysteps mul abs round height abs adjnumsteps dup 2 lt {pop 2} if 1 sub /numsteps1 xdf currentflat mark currentflat clipflatness /delta top bottom sub numsteps1 1 add div def /right right left sub def /botsv top delta sub def { { W xt yt translate ang rotate xt neg yt neg translate dup setflat /bottom botsv def 0 1 numsteps1 { numsteps1 div taperfcn /frac xdf bcs 0 1.0 tint2 tint1 sub frac mul tint1 add sub put bcs vc 1 index setflat { mark {newpath left bottom right delta rectfill}stopped {cleartomark exch 1.3 mul dup setflat exch 2 copy gt{stop}if} {cleartomark exit}ifelse }loop /bottom bottom delta sub def }for } gsave stopped grestore {exch pop 2 index exch 1.3 mul dup 100 gt{cleartomark setflat stop}if} {exit}ifelse }loop cleartomark setflat }bdf /_rfs4 { /tint2 xdf /tint1 xdf bcs exch 1 exch put /radius xdf /yt xdf /xt xdf tint1 tint2 sub abs bcs 1 get maxspot calcgraysteps mul abs round radius abs adjnumsteps dup 2 lt {pop 2} if 1 sub /numsteps1 xdf radius numsteps1 div 2 div /halfstep xdf currentflat mark currentflat clipflatness { { dup setflat W 0 1 numsteps1 { dup /radindex xdf numsteps1 div /frac xdf bcs 0 tint2 tint1 sub frac mul tint1 add put bcs vc 1 index setflat { newpath mark xt yt radius 1 frac sub mul halfstep add 0 360 { arc radindex numsteps1 ne { xt yt radindex 1 add numsteps1 div 1 exch sub radius mul halfstep add dup xt add yt moveto 360 0 arcn } if fill }stopped {cleartomark exch 1.3 mul dup setflat exch 2 copy gt{stop}if} {cleartomark exit}ifelse }loop }for } gsave stopped grestore {exch pop 2 index exch 1.3 mul dup 100 gt{cleartomark setflat stop}if} {exit}ifelse }loop cleartomark setflat }bdf /_rfp4 { /k2 xdf /y2 xdf /m2 xdf /c2 xdf /k1 xdf /y1 xdf /m1 xdf /c1 xdf /radius xdf /yt xdf /xt xdf c1 c2 sub abs m1 m2 sub abs y1 y2 sub abs k1 k2 sub abs maxcolor calcgraysteps mul abs round radius abs adjnumsteps dup 2 lt {pop 2} if 1 sub /numsteps1 xdf radius numsteps1 div 2 div /halfstep xdf currentflat mark currentflat clipflatness { { dup setflat W 0 1 numsteps1 { dup /radindex xdf numsteps1 div /frac xdf bc4 0 c2 c1 sub frac mul c1 add put bc4 1 m2 m1 sub frac mul m1 add put bc4 2 y2 y1 sub frac mul y1 add put bc4 3 k2 k1 sub frac mul k1 add put bc4 vc 1 index setflat { newpath mark xt yt radius 1 frac sub mul halfstep add 0 360 { arc radindex numsteps1 ne { xt yt radindex 1 add numsteps1 div 1 exch sub radius mul halfstep add dup xt add yt moveto 360 0 arcn } if fill }stopped {cleartomark exch 1.3 mul dup setflat exch 2 copy gt{stop}if} {cleartomark exit}ifelse }loop }for } gsave stopped grestore {exch pop 2 index exch 1.3 mul dup 100 gt{cleartomark setflat stop}if} {exit}ifelse }loop cleartomark setflat }bdf /lfp4{_lfp4}ndf /lfs4{_lfs4}ndf /rfs4{_rfs4}ndf /rfp4{_rfp4}ndf /ScitexVignette defed /xt xdf xt not {/yt save def} if /anyeq { cvlit exch cvlit exch 1 index type /arraytype eq 2 index type /packedarraytype eq or 1 index type /arraytype eq 2 index type /packedarraytype eq or and { 1 index length 1 index length eq { dup length 1 sub -1 0 { /ind exch def 1 index ind get 1 index ind get anyeq not {/ind -1 def exit} if } for pop pop ind 0 eq }{ pop pop false } ifelse }{ eq } ifelse } def /lfp4 where { pop /oldlfp /lfp4 load def /lfp4 { /yt xdf /xt xdf /ang xdf storerect /taperfcn xdf /kc2 xdf /yc2 xdf /mc2 xdf /cc2 xdf /kc1 xdf /yc1 xdf /mc1 xdf /cc1 xdf save 20 dict dup begin /VGVersion 0 def /typeOfVign 1 def /xDimension right left sub abs def /yDimension top bottom sub abs def /numOfColorPoints 2 def /verticalCoord [ top bottom ] def /horizontalCoord [ left left ] def /colorArray [ cc1 mc1 yc1 kc1 cc2 mc2 yc2 kc2 ] def /stepVectorFunction /taperfcn load {logtaper} anyeq {[1]}{[0]}ifelse def /smoothVG [0] def end W xt yt translate ang rotate xt neg yt neg translate ScitexVignette exch restore not { /BeginGradation where {pop BeginGradation} if cc1 mc1 yc1 kc1 cc2 mc2 yc2 kc2 /taperfcn load left bottom right top ang xt yt oldlfp /EndGradation where {pop EndGradation} if } if }bdf } if /lfs4 where { pop /oldlfs /lfs4 load def /lfs4 { /yt xdf /xt xdf /ang xdf storerect /taperfcn xdf /tint2 xdf /tint1 xdf /spotNum xdf save 20 dict dup begin /VGVersion 0 def /typeOfVign 1 def /xDimension right left sub abs def /yDimension top bottom sub abs def /numOfColorPoints 2 def /verticalCoord [ top bottom ] def /horizontalCoord [ left left ] def /colorArray [ tint2 spots spotNum get aload pop pop pop 4{4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat 5 -1 roll pop tint1 spots spotNum get aload pop pop pop 4{4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat 5 -1 roll pop ] def /stepVectorFunction /taperfcn load {logtaper} anyeq {[1]}{[0]}ifelse def /smoothVG [0] def end W xt yt translate ang rotate xt neg yt neg translate ScitexVignette exch restore not { /BeginGradation where {pop BeginGradation} if spotNum tint1 tint2 /taperfcn load left bottom right top ang xt yt oldlfs /EndGradation where {pop EndGradation} if } if }bdf } if /rfp4 where { pop /oldrfp /rfp4 load def /rfp4 { /kc2 xdf /yc2 xdf /mc2 xdf /cc2 xdf /kc1 xdf /yc1 xdf /mc1 xdf /cc1 xdf /radius xdf /yt xdf /xt xdf save 20 dict dup begin /VGVersion 0 def /typeOfVign 3 def /xDimension radius 2 mul def /yDimension radius 2 mul def /numOfColorPoints 2 def /verticalCoord [ yt yt ] def /horizontalCoord [ xt dup radius add ] def /colorArray [ cc2 mc2 yc2 kc2 cc1 mc1 yc1 kc1 ] def /stepVectorFunction [0] def /smoothVG [0] def end W ScitexVignette exch restore not { /BeginGradation where {pop BeginGradation} if xt yt radius cc1 mc1 yc1 kc1 cc2 mc2 yc2 kc2 oldrfp /EndGradation where {pop EndGradation} if } if } bdf } if /rfs4 where { pop /oldrfs /rfs4 load def /rfs4 { /tint2 xdf /tint1 xdf /spotNum xdf /radius xdf /yt xdf /xt xdf save 20 dict dup begin /VGVersion 0 def /typeOfVign 3 def /xDimension radius 2 mul def /yDimension radius 2 mul def /numOfColorPoints 2 def /verticalCoord [ yt yt ] def /horizontalCoord [ xt dup radius add ] def /colorArray [ tint2 spots spotNum get aload pop pop pop 4{4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat 5 -1 roll pop tint1 spots spotNum get aload pop pop pop 4{4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat 5 -1 roll pop ] def /stepVectorFunction [0] def /smoothVG [0] def end W ScitexVignette exch restore not { /BeginGradation where {pop BeginGradation} if xt yt radius spotNum tint1 tint2 oldrfs /EndGradation where {pop EndGradation} if } if } bdf } if xt not {yt restore} if /cvc [0 0 0 1] def /vc{ AltsysDict /cvc 2 index put aload length 4 eq {setcmykcolor} {setspotcolor} ifelse }bdf /origmtx matrix currentmatrix def /ImMatrix matrix currentmatrix def 0 setseparationgray /imgr {1692 1584 2484 2196 } def /bleed 0 def /clpr {1692 1584 2484 2196 } def /xs 1 def /ys 1 def /botx 0 def /overlap 0 def /wdist 18 def 0 2 mul fhsetspreadsize 0 0 ne {/df 0 def /clipflatness 0 def} if /maxsteps 256 def /currentpacking defed{false setpacking}if /spots[ 1 0 0 0 (Process Cyan) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 1 0 0 (Process Magenta) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 0 1 0 (Process Yellow) false newcmykcustomcolor 0 0 0 1 (Process Black) false newcmykcustomcolor ]def /textopf false def /curtextmtx{}def /otw .25 def /msf{dup/curtextmtx xdf makefont setfont}bdf /makesetfont/msf load def /curtextheight{.707104 .707104 curtextmtx dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt}bdf /ta{1 index {tempstr 0 2 index put tempstr 2 index gsave exec grestore tempstr stringwidth rmoveto 5 index eq{6 index 6 index rmoveto}if 3 index 3 index rmoveto }forall 7{pop}repeat}bdf /sts{/textopf currentoverprint def vc setoverprint /ts{awidthshow}def exec textopf setoverprint}bdf /stol{/xt currentlinewidth def setlinewidth vc newpath /ts{{false charpath stroke}ta}def exec xt setlinewidth}bdf /strk{/textopf 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AltsysDict %%EndResource %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup AltsysDict begin _bfh %%IncludeResource: font Symbol _efh 0 dict dup begin end /f0 /Symbol FF def _bfh %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman _efh MacVec 256 array copy /f1 /|______Times-Roman dup RF findfont def end %. AltsysDict %%EndSetup AltsysDict begin /onlyk4{false}ndf /ccmyk{dup 5 -1 roll sub 0 max exch}ndf /cmyk2gray{ 4 -1 roll 0.3 mul 4 -1 roll 0.59 mul 4 -1 roll 0.11 mul add add add 1 min neg 1 add }bdf /setcmykcolor{1 exch sub ccmyk ccmyk ccmyk pop setrgbcolor}ndf /maxcolor { max max max } ndf /maxspot { pop } ndf /setcmykcoloroverprint{4{dup -1 eq{pop 0}if 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor}ndf /findcmykcustomcolor{5 packedarray}ndf /setcustomcolor{exch aload pop pop 4{4 index mul 4 1 roll}repeat setcmykcolor pop}ndf /setseparationgray{setgray}ndf /setoverprint{pop}ndf /currentoverprint false ndf /cmykbufs2gray{ 0 1 2 index length 1 sub { 4 index 1 index get 0.3 mul 4 index 2 index get 0.59 mul 4 index 3 index get 0.11 mul 4 index 4 index get add add add cvi 255 min 255 exch sub 2 index 3 1 roll put }for 4 1 roll pop pop pop }bdf /colorimage{ pop pop [ 5 -1 roll/exec cvx 6 -1 roll/exec cvx 7 -1 roll/exec cvx 8 -1 roll/exec cvx /cmykbufs2gray cvx ]cvx image } %. version 47.1 on Linotronic of Postscript defines colorimage incorrectly (rgb model only) version cvr 47.1 le statusdict /product get (Lino) anchorsearch{pop pop true}{pop false}ifelse and{userdict begin bdf end}{ndf}ifelse fhnumcolors 1 ne {/yt save def} if /customcolorimage{ aload pop (_vc_Registration) eq { pop pop pop pop separationimage } { /ik xdf /iy xdf /im xdf /ic xdf ic im iy ik cmyk2gray /xt xdf currenttransfer {dup 1.0 exch sub xt mul add}concatprocs st image } ifelse }ndf fhnumcolors 1 ne {yt restore} if fhnumcolors 3 ne {/yt save def} if /customcolorimage{ aload pop (_vc_Registration) eq { pop pop pop pop separationimage } { /ik xdf /iy xdf /im xdf /ic xdf 1.0 dup ic ik add min sub 1.0 dup im ik add min sub 1.0 dup iy ik add min sub /ic xdf /iy xdf /im xdf currentcolortransfer 4 1 roll {dup 1.0 exch sub ic mul add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {dup 1.0 exch sub iy mul add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {dup 1.0 exch sub im mul add}concatprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer {/dummy xdf dummy}concatprocs{dummy}{dummy}true 3 colorimage } ifelse }ndf fhnumcolors 3 ne {yt restore} if fhnumcolors 4 ne {/yt save def} if /customcolorimage{ aload pop (_vc_Registration) eq { pop pop pop pop separationimage } { /ik xdf /iy xdf /im xdf /ic xdf currentcolortransfer {1.0 exch sub ik mul ik sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {1.0 exch sub iy mul iy sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {1.0 exch sub im mul im sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll {1.0 exch sub ic mul ic sub 1 add}concatprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer {/dummy xdf dummy}concatprocs{dummy}{dummy}{dummy} true 4 colorimage } ifelse }ndf fhnumcolors 4 ne {yt restore} if /separationimage{image}ndf /newcmykcustomcolor{6 packedarray}ndf /inkoverprint false ndf /setinkoverprint{pop}ndf /setspotcolor { spots exch get dup 4 get (_vc_Registration) eq {pop 1 exch sub setseparationgray} {0 5 getinterval exch setcustomcolor} ifelse }ndf /currentcolortransfer{currenttransfer dup dup dup}ndf /setcolortransfer{st pop pop pop}ndf /fas{}ndf /sas{}ndf /fhsetspreadsize{pop}ndf /filler{fill}bdf /F{gsave {filler}fp grestore}bdf /f{closepath F}bdf /S{gsave {stroke}fp grestore}bdf /s{closepath S}bdf /bc4 [0 0 0 0] def /_lfp4 { /yt xdf /xt xdf /ang xdf storerect /taperfcn xdf /k2 xdf /y2 xdf /m2 xdf /c2 xdf /k1 xdf /y1 xdf /m1 xdf /c1 xdf c1 c2 sub abs m1 m2 sub abs y1 y2 sub abs k1 k2 sub abs maxcolor calcgraysteps mul abs round height abs adjnumsteps dup 2 lt {pop 2} if 1 sub /numsteps1 xdf currentflat mark currentflat clipflatness /delta top bottom sub numsteps1 1 add div def /right right left sub def /botsv top delta sub def { { W xt yt translate ang rotate xt neg yt neg translate dup setflat /bottom botsv def 0 1 numsteps1 { numsteps1 div taperfcn /frac xdf bc4 0 c2 c1 sub frac mul c1 add put bc4 1 m2 m1 sub frac mul m1 add put bc4 2 y2 y1 sub frac mul y1 add put bc4 3 k2 k1 sub frac mul k1 add put bc4 vc 1 index setflat { mark {newpath left bottom right delta rectfill}stopped {cleartomark exch 1.3 mul dup setflat exch 2 copy gt{stop}if} {cleartomark exit}ifelse }loop /bottom bottom delta sub def }for } gsave stopped grestore {exch pop 2 index exch 1.3 mul dup 100 gt{cleartomark setflat stop}if} {exit}ifelse }loop cleartomark setflat }bdf /bcs [0 0] def /_lfs4 { /yt xdf /xt xdf /ang xdf storerect /taperfcn xdf /tint2 xdf /tint1 xdf bcs exch 1 exch put tint1 tint2 sub abs bcs 1 get maxspot calcgraysteps mul abs round height abs adjnumsteps dup 2 lt {pop 2} if 1 sub /numsteps1 xdf currentflat mark currentflat clipflatness /delta top bottom sub numsteps1 1 add div def /right right left sub def /botsv top delta sub def { { W xt yt translate ang rotate xt neg yt neg translate dup setflat /bottom botsv def 0 1 numsteps1 { numsteps1 div taperfcn /frac xdf bcs 0 1.0 tint2 tint1 sub frac mul tint1 add sub put bcs vc 1 index setflat { mark {newpath left bottom right delta rectfill}stopped {cleartomark exch 1.3 mul dup setflat exch 2 copy gt{stop}if} {cleartomark exit}ifelse }loop /bottom bottom delta sub def }for } gsave stopped grestore {exch pop 2 index exch 1.3 mul dup 100 gt{cleartomark setflat stop}if} {exit}ifelse }loop cleartomark setflat }bdf /_rfs4 { /tint2 xdf /tint1 xdf bcs exch 1 exch put /radius xdf /yt xdf /xt xdf tint1 tint2 sub abs bcs 1 get maxspot calcgraysteps mul abs round radius abs adjnumsteps dup 2 lt {pop 2} if 1 sub /numsteps1 xdf radius numsteps1 div 2 div /halfstep xdf currentflat mark currentflat clipflatness { { dup setflat W 0 1 numsteps1 { dup /radindex xdf numsteps1 div /frac xdf bcs 0 tint2 tint1 sub frac mul tint1 add put bcs vc 1 index setflat { newpath mark xt yt radius 1 frac sub mul halfstep add 0 360 { arc radindex numsteps1 ne { xt yt radindex 1 add numsteps1 div 1 exch sub radius mul halfstep add dup xt add yt moveto 360 0 arcn } if fill }stopped {cleartomark exch 1.3 mul dup setflat exch 2 copy gt{stop}if} {cleartomark exit}ifelse }loop }for } gsave stopped grestore {exch pop 2 index exch 1.3 mul dup 100 gt{cleartomark setflat stop}if} {exit}ifelse }loop cleartomark setflat }bdf /_rfp4 { /k2 xdf /y2 xdf /m2 xdf /c2 xdf /k1 xdf /y1 xdf /m1 xdf /c1 xdf /radius xdf /yt xdf /xt xdf c1 c2 sub abs m1 m2 sub abs y1 y2 sub abs k1 k2 sub abs maxcolor calcgraysteps mul abs round radius abs adjnumsteps dup 2 lt {pop 2} if 1 sub /numsteps1 xdf radius numsteps1 div 2 div /halfstep xdf c urrentflat mark currentflat clipflatness { { dup setflat W 0 1 numsteps1 { dup /radindex xdf numsteps1 div /frac xdf bc4 0 c2 c1 sub frac mul c1 add put bc4 1 m2 m1 sub frac mul m1 add put bc4 2 y2 y1 sub frac mul y1 add put bc4 3 k2 k1 sub frac mul k1 add put bc4 vc 1 index setflat { newpath mark xt yt radius 1 frac sub mul halfstep add 0 360 { arc radindex numsteps1 ne { xt yt radindex 1 add numsteps1 div 1 exch sub radius mul halfstep add dup xt add yt moveto 360 0 arcn } if fill }stopped {cleartomark exch 1.3 mul dup setflat exch 2 copy gt{stop}if} {cleartomark exit}ifelse }loop }for } gsave stopped grestore {exch pop 2 index exch 1.3 mul dup 100 gt{cleartomark setflat stop}if} {exit}ifelse }loop cleartomark setflat }bdf /lfp4{_lfp4}ndf /lfs4{_lfs4}ndf /rfs4{_rfs4}ndf /rfp4{_rfp4}ndf /ScitexVignette defed /xt xdf xt not {/yt save def} if /anyeq { cvlit exch cvlit exch 1 index type /arraytype eq 2 index type /packedarraytype eq or 1 index type /arraytype eq 2 index type /packedarraytype eq or and { 1 index length 1 index length eq { dup length 1 sub -1 0 { /ind exch def 1 index ind get 1 index ind get anyeq not {/ind -1 def exit} if } for pop pop ind 0 eq }{ pop pop false } ifelse }{ eq } ifelse } def /lfp4 where { pop /oldlfp /lfp4 load def /lfp4 { /yt xdf /xt xdf /ang xdf storerect /taperfcn xdf /kc2 xdf /yc2 xdf /mc2 xdf /cc2 xdf /kc1 xdf /yc1 xdf /mc1 xdf /cc1 xdf save 20 dict dup begin /VGVersion 0 def /typeOfVign 1 def /xDimension right left sub abs def /yDimension top bottom sub abs def /numOfColorPoints 2 def /verticalCoord [ top bottom ] def /horizontalCoord [ left left ] def /colorArray [ cc1 mc1 yc1 kc1 cc2 mc2 yc2 kc2 ] def /stepVectorFunction /taperfcn load {logtaper} anyeq {[1]}{[0]}ifelse def /smoothVG [0] def end W xt yt